Volume 1 | Issue 18 | August 8, 2002
Top National News
Refinancing Rocks Bond Market (Wall Street Journal)
Subprime Deal: U.S. to Get, But Not Release Data (American Banker)
Subprime Lending Stays Strong Despite Fed Warnings, Poll Finds (Wall Street Journal)
Housing Finance Board to Hire 20 Supervisors (American Banker)
Insurance Companies Just Say 'No' to Covering Mold (Wall Street Journal)
Office Space Glut Provides Warning to Lenders (American Banker)
Moderating Rents Seen Lowering CPI; Near Zero Inflation (Dow Jones Newswire)
FHA Home Foreclosures in Utah Nearing 10-Year High (Salt Lake Tribune)

Residential Finance News
About Face! Now, Conventional Wisdom Has Fed Lowering Rates Again
Residential Briefs

Commercial/Multifamily Finance News
Mortgage Servicing Costs Increase in 2001 as Refinances Skyrocket
Office DealMaker of the Day
Commercial Briefs

Spotlight: Technology
Mortgage Technology Prepares for Proposed RESPA Reform Rules
 
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“If the Fed were to make an error, they’d rather make an error to make the economy stronger, rather than delay and let the economy weaken further.” — MBA Chief Economist Doug Duncan, on the possibility that the Federal Reserve Board will lower, not raise, key interest rates at its August 13 meeting.
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Announcing A New Audio Program - New RESPA Changes: How They Affect You (8/22/02 3:00 - 4:30 PM EDT)
Join industry expert Rodrigo Alba at 3:00 PM EDT on Thursday, August  22, 2002 to learn about the new RESPA changes, how they affect you,  and what you have to do to stay compliant. (Sign up now)


Refinancing Rocks Bond Market
Wall Street Journal  (08/08/02) P. C1; Zuckerman, Gregory
Record-low interest rates may soon produce another refinance wave, as the Mortgage Bankers Association reports the highest level of refi applications since November. This has caused significant volatility and higher risk in the bond market, primarily because mortgage companies and other investors buy high volumes of Treasurys and other bonds to compensate for fluctuations in the refinance sector. However, the prospect of interest rate hikes has prompted many to unload their bonds--which analysts say has made the bond market greatly unstable in the past two years. Even so, most mortgage companies have been able to handle the market shifts and offset losses with the help of high-tech models that advise them on hedging their exposures to interest rates and refinancings and also by leveraging other lines of business that are profitable when refinancings are on the rise.

(Click here for original story)
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Subprime Deal: U.S. to Get, But Not Release Data
American Banker  (08/08/02) ; Duran, Nicole
A proposal by the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and Office of Thrift Supervision requires banks to report their quarterly subprime lending activities to the U.S. government beginning March 31, 2003. About 130 banks and thrifts whose subprime programs account for at least 25 percent of their Tier 1 capital will be forced to provide additional information, such as breaking down subprime lending by category and disclosing information on past due and nonaccrual subprime consumer loans as well as year-to-year chargeoffs and recoveries of these loans. However, consumer activists are concerned because the government has agreed to keep the data confidential for at least two years to keep legitimate subprime lenders from being labeled as predators. The confidentiality was granted because there is no standard approach to defining "subprime loans' as of yet, giving rise to the potential for public misinterpretation of the data.

(Click here for original story)
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Subprime Lending Stays Strong Despite Fed Warnings, Poll Finds
Wall Street Journal  (08/08/02) P. D2; Dooley, John
Subprime lending is benefiting just as much from low interest rates and strong real estate markets as are standard mortgages. According to a new survey from Morgan Stanley, subprime lenders expect new-loan growth of 33 percent this year, even though they are facing tougher regulation and revised lending practices. What is more, Morgan Stanley says competition in the subprime market appears to be healthy and that lenders are not abandoning the subprime lending business. While the sector appears to be strong, Federal Reserve officials continue to express concerns about subprime lending creating risks in the market and posing a threat to the banking industry.

(Click here for original story)
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Housing Finance Board to Hire 20 Supervisors
American Banker  (08/08/02) P. 3; Garver, Rob
The Federal Housing Finance Board recently announced plans to nearly double the number of examiners and financial specialists who oversee the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks--a move that board Chairman John T. Korsmo says will ensure that they "are operating in a safe and sound manner, fulfilling their statutory duties and meeting the expectations of the public." The agency says the addition of 20 supervisory positions will make standard examinations more thorough and allow for special examinations of affordable housing programs and other initiatives. Meanwhile, a pilot program will also move examiners from the Washington, D.C.-area to regional offices; and the office of policy, research, and analysis will be folded into the supervision office. The agency will make room for the new examiners by cutting 21 jobs in other departments, 11 of which are presently vacant.

(Click here for original story)
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Insurance Companies Just Say 'No' to Covering Mold
Wall Street Journal  (08/08/02) P. D1; Oster, Christopher
Mold claims by homeowners have become such a huge concern for the insurance industry that State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance has eliminated mold coverage in 33 states and Allstate has limited cleanup costs to $5,000. After forking out $1.3 billion to remove mold and repair related damage in homes last year, insurance companies have stepped up their efforts to obtain regulatory approval to drop the coverage. Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) has responded with legislation that would create a federal insurance fund to cover homeowners' mold claims, and a House committee recently held a hearing that focused on scientific research on mold and its economic impact on claims and litigation. Meanwhile, homeowners are facing the possibility of having insurers drop them for filing mold-related claims.

(Click here for original story)
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Office Space Glut Provides Warning to Lenders
American Banker  (08/08/02) P. 11; Julavits, Robert
A number of analysts have predicted that the nation's office property slump may soon hit bottom, but banks are being advised to avoid lending in some of the hardest-hit areas for at least the next few years. Raymond G. Torto of Boston-based Torto Wheaton Research states that those lenders keeping a lookout for signs of recovery must be especially cautious about the many leases scheduled to expire over the next two years, which could dump up to 35 percent more office space onto the market. The more immediate concern is the amount of sublease space already on the market, as PNC Real Estate Finance's research has identified nearly 142 million square feet of such space comprising 24 percent of all vacant office property in the United States. PNC concludes that the glut of sublease space probably will not halt the office real-estate market's recovery, but vacancies will very likely increase in the last six months of 2002 and then plateau for at least the first half of 2003 until a recovery goes into full effect.

(Click here for original story)
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Moderating Rents Seen Lowering CPI; Near Zero Inflation
Dow Jones Newswire  (08/07/02) ; Shaw, Joy C.
Until 2002, the one component of the U.S. government's consumer price index (CPI) that has managed to stay in positive territory is residential rental payments. Now, a softening in rents is helping to formulate an even tamer inflation outlook, with some industry insiders pointing to a decreasing inflation rate within the Department of Labor's shelter index as a key indicator that overall price pressures will see even more moderation in the near future. The CPI's shelter component is widely regarded as a barometer for rent inflation, because rent of primary residence is 6 percent of the CPI and owners equivalent rent of primary residence is 22 percent of the CPI. The latter measures homeowners' shelter costs rather than their property investment appreciation.

(Click here for original story)
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FHA Home Foreclosures in Utah Nearing 10-Year High
Salt Lake Tribune  (08/07/02) ; Mitchell, Lesley
About 750 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) homeowners in Utah reportedly have lost their homes to foreclosure so far this year. Though the Mortgage Bankers Association notes that foreclosures are on the rise for all loan types--including those with larger down payments--the state's high rate of FHA foreclosures has many concerned, especially since it may reach the highest level seen in 10 years. The state's worst year for foreclosures was 1989, when more than 2,000 lost their homes; but HUD officials believe they are on pace to reach 1,000 this year. While layoffs are responsible for many of the foreclosures, observers say that a high number of home equity loans and lines of credit also played a role, stripping owners' equity and leaving them owing more than the house is worth.

(Click here for original story)
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About Face! Now, Conventional Wisdom Has Fed Lowering Rates Again

MBA (8/8/02) Sorohan, Mike
In his appearances last month on Capitol Hill, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan all but dismissed the notion that the Fed would lower interest rates further this year.

“Absent significant further adverse shocks, the U.S. economy is poised to resume a pattern of sustainable growth,” Greenspan told the Senate Banking Committee on July 16.

But now, in the wake of a series of disappointing economic reports, many analysts believe that the Federal Open Market Committee could actually lower key interest rates twice more this year in an effort to jump-start a lagging economy that has threatened to fall into a “double-dip” recession.

Doug Duncan, chief economist with the Mortgage Bankers Association of America, said the MBA now believes the FOMC will cut key interest rates by another quarter-point when it meets August 13. “There is a higher likelihood that the Fed will cut rates by a quarter, and by another quarter at the next meeting [September 24],” he said.

Apparently out the door are earlier predictions that the Fed would start to slowly raise key interest rates toward the end of the year. Duncan said that a number of factors have caused the Fed to reconsider.

“They’re [the FOMC] not panicked about the economy yet, but they are concerned about the stock market, and the fact that they haven’t seen fixed investments by business picking up,” Duncan said. “There is no evidence of inflation, but if the Fed were to make an error, they’d rather make an error to make the economy stronger, rather than delay and let the economy weaken further.”

Nearly all the economic data in the past month has been on the down side. Economic growth went up by just 1.1 percent in the second quarter, below expectations and well off the 5.5 percent growth of the first quarter. Additionally, the unemployment rate has remained flat, at 5.9 percent. And the stock market has been a roller coaster in recent weeks, with several triple-digit falls and rises.

Duncan also noticed that durable goods numbers were down. “Companies are shortening workweeks and not adding on production,” Duncan said.

Greenspan, as usual, isn’t talking—at least not to the media. But even as he noted in his Capitol Hill testimony last month that the economy appeared to be on the road to recovery, he warned of the “depressing effects” of recent events. “The effect of the recent difficulties will linger for a bit longer,” he said.

Lehman Brothers issued a changed forecast on August 6, describing a “main scenario” in which the Fed would cut rates by a quarter-point in September, November and December. But Duncan said that the Fed would take a more cautious approach, designed to not panic the markets.

“The Fed doesn’t want to appear that they are trying to control the markets,” Duncan said. “They would not opt for a 50 basis-point cut this month, because it would be seen as a reaction to the stock market volatility.”

Any further cuts would bring the Federal Funds rate, which stands at 1-3/4 percent, to historic lows. But further lowering would not necessarily translate into lower mortgage rates. Phil Colling, a senior economist with the MBA, said the federal funds rate is a short-term rate, while mortgage rates are long-term.

The MBA’s Mortgage Application Survey for the week ending August 2nd showed that the contract rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages fell again, to a record-low 6.17 percent. The rate for 15-year fixed-rate mortgages fell to 5.55 percent, also a record.

“If anything, it could result in higher mortgage rates in the short-term,” Colling said.
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Residential Briefs

MBA (8/8/02) Murray, Michael
BridgeSpan Inc., Mountain View, Calif., increased its transaction volume by 104 percent and its lender customers grew by 96 percent in the past year, setting two records for the company.

According to BridgeSpan officials, the increases resulted from its advanced online closing technology and service from its closing professionals.

Several lenders have added BridgeSpan’s eMortgageAxis platform introduced earlier this year to close electronic mortgages. BridgeSpan officials said it has been able to deliver a higher percentage of e-mortgages to Fannie Mae.

BridgeSpan’s technology automates the loan closing process by allowing the lender to directly share data and documents with borrowers, brokers, investors, real estate agents and other authorized parties to the transaction.

BridgeSpan said that as a result of the technology, lenders can save hundreds of dollars per loan while shortening the loan cycle times and reducing borrower fallout.

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Mortgage Servicing Costs Increase in 2001 as Refinances Skyrocket
MBA (8/8/02) Murray, Michael
While low interest rates propelled the refinance boom into record numbers last year, 2001 direct servicing costs grew and servicing productivity dropped, according to the Cost of Servicing Study that the Mortgage Bankers Association of America announces later today.

“The results of our study show that replenishment and payoff rates doubled in 2001, coinciding with refinancings that were 57 percent of total originations,” said Marina Walsh, financial analyst at MBA.

In the survey of 30 mortgage banking companies, the average cost to service a loan in 2001 grew to $79 compared with $73 in the previous year. At the same time, loan-servicing productivity also dropped. The number of loans serviced per employee dropped to 1,034 in 2001, down from 1,162 in 2000.

“This market environment in 2001 helps explain the higher direct costs, lower productivity and write-downs on mortgage servicing rights,” Walsh said.

Direct costs in 2001, however, were lower than in the last refinance boom of 1998 when the weighted average direct cost was $76 per loan. Productivity in 1998 averaged 938 loans per servicing employee.

The lower directs costs in 2001 compared with 1998 might be explained by improvements in servicing technology and the use of outsourcing for specific servicing functions, Walsh said.

Meanwhile, net servicing operating income increased to $369 compared to $299 in 2000, based on increased per loan servicing fees from higher loan balances and increases in escrow earnings and ancillary income. Net servicing operating income does not incorporate amortization, impairments, hedging gains and servicing sales. With those four items included, the net servicing financial income dropped to a loss of $44 per loan in 2001 from a gain of $111 per loan in 2000.

According to Walsh, efficiencies can still be gained with direct costs, but heavy impairments and amortization hurt overall servicing profitability more than direct cost increases in 2001.

“In 2001, we saw flip-flopping in results between the operational margins and the financial margins, especially among the mega-servicers [those servicing more than 1 million loans],” Walsh said. “Operationally, servicers did well especially given the high loan set up and payoff activity. But financially, servicers took a big hit due to prepayments.”

The companies surveyed comprised four groups based on number of loans serviced with servicing portfolios ranging from 10,000 loans to 3.2 million loans. The companies serviced 18.4 million loans combined for a total volume of $1.9 trillion.
(Full Story)
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Office DealMaker of the Day
MBA (8/8/02) Murray, Michael
Dockerty Romer & Co., Delray Beach, Fla., arranged financing of $9.2 million on Linton Office Center Complex using a product from SouthTrust Bank that provides a floating rate with options for fixed-rate swaps on pieces of the loan.

“Any portion of the loan up to 100 percent can be swapped into a fixed rate using the [swap] matrix they have,” said Bob Dockerty, the company’s principal.

Dockerty noted although rates should continue to stay low for some time and most borrowers will continue to float, the program is an opportunity to hedge the loan at the borrower’s option during the 3-year term with a 2-year option. Interest rate and debt service coverage were not disclosed.

“Some people might want to take a portion of the loan, just to be conservative, and swap it into a fixed rate,” Dockerty said. “It’s a flexible program.”

Linton Office Center is a three-building complex with more than 86,000 net rentable square feet located on 9.9 acres in Delray Beach. The property, built in 1982 and renovated in 1993, is 99 percent leased with tenants that include Bank of America, the State of Florida and SBA Telecommunications.

The office market in Delray Beach is “holding up well,” according to Dockerty, in contrast to the next closest market, Boca Raton, Fla. “[Delray Beach] is a smaller market,” Dockerty said. “Boca [Raton] has more vacancies. Delray seems to be doing just fine.”
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Commercial Briefs
MBA (8/8/02) Murray, Michael
LandAmerica Financial Group Inc., Alameda, Calif., has acquired assets of National Assessment Corp. (NAC) to operate as a part of LandAmerica’s National Commercial Services group performing due diligence in engineering, construction and environmental assessments.

The acquisition of NAC will expand LandAmerica’s service offerings to its customers on commercial real estate loans while also serving as a strategic fit for both companies. NAC’s current clients include real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) lenders and commercial mortgage and construction lenders.

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Mortgage Technology Prepares for Proposed RESPA Reform Rules
MBA (8/8/02) Murray, Michael
While HUD’s proposed rules for reform of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act have entered a comment period, the analysis continues. And some believe the proposed rules could have a significant impact for mortgages conducted over the Internet and other lender technologies.

Scott Cooley, chief strategy officer at Ellie Mae, Pleasanton, Calif., said that simplifying the process and making costs easier to understand for the borrower could make it more likely for consumers to adopt the Internet for mortgage transactions.

“Trust is the largest issue for consumers when it comes to the largest financial decision in their life,” Cooley said. “The RESPA reforms makes it easier for them to trust the numbers.”

According to the proposed rules, originators must let borrowers know that they should compare prices and shop for the best originator, mortgage product and settlement service provider.

Borrowers have mostly been using the Internet to compare interest rates and shop for a mortgage, rather than actually applying and closing a loan through a Web site.

HUD also believes that the proposed rules could have a positive effect for the Internet as consumers search for more “transparent” mortgage rates with fewer variables.

But John Crowley, vice president, product strategy at ALLTEL Information Services, Little Rock, Ark., said that the current trend of bundling a “one-fee” product will go further to having consumers shop for a mortgage rather than regulatory rules.

“It’s definitely a trend that is gaining some momentum in the industry,” Crowley said.

Still, mortgage technology companies such as ALLTEL Information Services, Ellie Mae and GHR Systems of Wayne, Pa., anticipate that they might have to retool their systems depending on the regulations adopted from the proposed rules. Many have already begun planning and assessment stages in anticipation of an eventual final rule.

The new Good Faith Estimate (GFE) requires mortgage brokers and all other loan originators to describe their services and inform borrowers of different payment options, show borrowers the effect of higher interest rates or yield spread premiums and their effect at settlement and disclose discount points paid by the lender in brokered loans.

According Crowley, the Annual Percentage Rates (APRs) are calculated multiple times “on the fly” without storing it into the database until it is correct. But reporting the information on the APR would cause systems to store the rate continuously into the database.

“A lot of systems don’t store that off anywhere,” Crowley said. “Some do and some don’t.”

GHR Systems does not create and rep and warrant the documents generated, but its partner VMP Mortgage Forms, Fraser, Mich., will make those changes.

“Our applications will have to be modified around the guidelines or, more specifically, around the rules in which our lender clients choose to deploy and enforce [from] those guidelines,” said Gregg Phillips, senior vice president, head of product management, at GHR Systems.

For Loan Origination Systems (LOS’s) used by a number of mortgage brokers, the retooling process could be more extensive and involve different forms of code, according to Cooley.

“The immediate impact is that all of the loan origination systems must have substantial upgrades performed to adopt to the new documentation requirements along with modifying the core calculations,” Cooley said. “These changes are actually more difficult than most would expect because of the extreme complexity of these systems. The core calculation routines alone have thousands of lines of code where a minor change requires that significant testing be performed.”

On the Internet, however, changes might not be as complicated as for the loan origination systems, Cooley added. “One of the longer term impacts is that it will become much easier to build Web sites that quote all-inclusive pricing,” he said.

Mortgage brokers must also disclose the maximum amount of compensation they could receive from a transaction within three days of the application, or during the GFE stage, according to the HUD proposed rule.

GHR Systems spokesperson Melissa Skehan said the company can now set up “switches” for lenders to determine who is able to make any changes in price and when they are able to do it. “Those broker-specific fields will be locked down at the lender dictated time frame,” Skehan said.

The HUD proposal also guarantees one closing cost fee to consumers through bundled settlement services called a “Guaranteed Mortgage Package Agreement (GMPA)” in exchange for a lender exemption from Section 8 of RESPA. GHR Systems Product Manager Kyle Chaney said the company is designing a system to connect lenders with their service providers through GHR’s network.

“The lender has the ultimate flexibility of choosing who those vendors are and how they display or bundle the dollar figures or the fees to the borrower on the GFEs,” Chaney said.

GHR Systems currently has a National Closing Cost database to generate the GFE and it works with lender clients on their fees and defining the line items.

“To the extent the bundling of fees are to be represented on any particular HUD line item, that is a simple business rule,” Phillips said, adding that incorporating changes or additional data is not a major initiative like it is in mainframe applications.

Crowley noted that the proposed HUD rules might simplify the entire process from a programmatic standpoint, but not necessarily from a developmental perspective.

“When it comes time to actually set up, define, bring products to the market and help lenders make those types of changes to the application, from a configuration standpoint, it would help to simplify things,” Crowley said.

But vendors in the mortgage industry charge maintenance fees on software to add the changes that should not be anything extraordinary from changes that are expected occur in the mortgage industry every 3 to 5 years, according to Crowley. “We expect and anticipate some sort of change along these lines,” he said.

“Regulatory rules happen all the time,” Phillips said. “The rule itself is not driving the change in technology. It’s the change in technology that is facilitating the ease of deployment in those regulatory changes.”
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